Taijitu
Forum Meta => Role Play => Archived Role Play Boards => Archive => General Roleplay => Topic started by: Empire of Kalvskar on February 23, 2007, 09:49:52 AM
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This is a guide to the Kalvskarian language, as it was defined when the linguists reformed the Traditional Kalvskarian by decree of Emperor Sir Warex I in the year 76 a.f.w. The language has not changed since, despite the obvious lexical growth.
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The Kalvskarian orthography is a one-to-one relationship between symbols and phonemes, so that for each symbol exists one and only one phoneme. This makes straightforward to read any written text and, conversely, to write any spoken speech.
Uppercase lowercase --> Phoneme (like Example)
A a --> /a/ like in father.
B b --> /b/ like in bird.
C c --> /ch/ like in China.
D d --> /d/ like in data.
E e --> /e/ like in person.
F f --> /f/ like in fill.
G g --> /g/ like in graphic.
H h --> /h/ like in horse.
I i --> /I/ like in sick.
J j --> /d3/ like in Jack.
K k --> /k/ like in come.
L l --> /l/ like in life.
M m --> /m/ like in make.
N n --> /n/ like in nose.
O o --> /o/ like in gong.
P p --> /p/ like in past.
Q q --> /q, more guttural than k/
R r --> /r/ like in arab.
S s --> /s/ like in soap.
T t --> /t/ like in Table.
U u --> /u/ like in bull.
V v --> /v/ like in oven.
W w --> /w/ like in draw.
X x --> /sh/ like in shoot.
Y y --> /j/ like in obey.
Z z --> /8/ like in think.
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The Kalvskarian language has a well-defined set of types of words, which compose the sentences:
Cores. They have a fully semantic value. Nouns and verbs are types of cores.
Modifiers. They explain or specify a feature of the meaning of a core. Adjectives and adverbs are types of modifiers.
Prepositions. They introduce the sintagm and give them a sintactic meaning. Their semantic value is almost null.
Scaffolders. They glue complex sentence structures. Typical scaffolders are conjunctions.
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The syntax of the Kalvskarian language is mostly left-recursive (the exception is the use of scaffolding) and it is based in units called sintagms; in fact, the sentence itself is a sintagm.
Although prepositions are optional in theory, they are widely used because they avoid ambiguety. From a preposition, you can tell the kind of sintagm and its limits. The exception is the beginning of the simple sentence, where the preposition of the sintagm that forms the sentence can be omitted. Example: in bu buh man buh bus im nation es, we can ommit the prepositions to and la in the beginning and just say: buh man buh bus im nation es.
A particular type of sentece is the nominal predicate. When the core of the sentence is es (in English, to be), that core can have many modifiers introduced by prepositions meaning subject. Note that there can be many prepositions introducing what we call subject, each one with its own fine-grain meaning (subject, attribute). In the example, the two subjects are buh man and buh bus im nation.
For the questions, there are particular prepositions that mark the type of response we expect (yes/no, subject, direct object, owner, etc). However, the international use of the question mark has been accepted among the Kalvskarians, and they use it in their written texts.
EBCDIC Rules:
<sentence>::= <core sintagm>
<sintagm>::= <core sintagm> | <modifier sintagm> | <coordinate sintagm>
<core sintagm>::= [<preposition>] [<sintagm>] <core>
<modifier sintagm>::= [<preposition>] [<sintagm>] <modifier>
<coordinate sintagm>::= <sintagm> <scaffolding> <sintagm>
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bu. Introduces an action.
buh. Introduces a subject.
bul. Introduces a yes/no assertion.
bun. Introduces a time.
bum. Introduces an indirect object.
buh. Introduces the way something happened.
bur. Introduces a place.
bus. Introduces a belonging.
but. Introduces a direct object.
hu. Introduces an action question.
huh. Introduces a subject question.
hul. Introduces a yes/no question.
hun. Introduces a time question.
hum. Introduces an indirect object question.
huh. Introduces a question about how something happened.
hur. Introduces a place question.
hus. Introduces a belonging question.
hut. Introduces a direct object question.
ku. Introduces an action clause.
kuh. Introduces a subject clause.
kul. Introduces a yes/no clause.
kun. Introduces a time clause.
kum. Introduces an indirect object clause.
kuh. Introduces a clause about how something happened.
kur. Introduces a place clause.
kus. Introduces a belonging clause.
kut. Introduces a direct object clause.
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im. I.
is. You (singular).
it. He, she, it.
sim. We.
sis. You (plural).
sit. They.
qim. This, next to me.
qis. This/that, next to you.
qit. That, next to him, her, it.
sqim. These, next to me.
sqis. These/those, next to you.
sqit. Those, next to them.
qsim. This, among us.
qsis. This/that, among you.
qsit. That, among them.
sqsim. These, among us.
sqsis. These/those, among you.
sqsit. Those, among them.
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im. I.
is. You (singular).
it. He, she, it.
sim. We.
sis. You (plural).
sit. They
Latin? XD
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Bingo! :congrats:
I inspired the pronouns in Latin, with a few changes, although the first person came from Sinda. Anyway, the use of the q and s is genuine.
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Hahaha, I looked at that and went: Sim Es Est, Simus Estis Sunt.
Very intriguing. Any background in Linguistics?